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来源：彩神彩票app网投2022-01-15 17:48

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

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中国社科院考古所2022年开展37项田野考古新老项目均有重要收获******

　　中新网北京1月12日电 (记者孙自法)中国社会科学院考古研究所(社科院考古所)2022年度田野考古工作汇报会1月10日至11日在北京举行，陕西太平遗址、河南裴李岗遗址、辽宁牛河梁遗址、新疆呼斯塔遗址等37个发掘项目逐一汇报各自研究进展，并进行交流研讨。

　　中国社科院学部委员、考古所所长陈星灿研究员作会议总结表示，这37项田野考古工作分布在全国16个省区，新老项目均取得重要收获，对于构建文化谱系、填补发现空白、解决遗址布局等重大学术问题，都提供了重要的考古新材料。

　　这37个田野考古项目包括史前考古10项、夏商周考古10项、汉唐考古13项、边疆考古4项，时代上从旧石器时代晚期一直到宋元明清时期；内容上涵盖现代人起源及扩散、农业起源、新石器时代文化起源、文明起源、南岛语族起源和扩散、统一多民族国家的形成和发展、中外文化交流等诸多研究课题。

　　陈星灿指出，尽管受疫情和疫情防控的影响，中国社科院考古所2022年度国外考古项目完全陷入停顿，但国内田野考古工作还是有很大收获，有很多新的重要发现，取得十分优异的成绩。该年度新的田野考古项目包括福建平潭龟山、海南万宁湾仔头、云南昭通朱提古城等，但更多是长期发掘的重要遗址特别是古代都城，如禹会、陶寺、新砦、二里头、偃师商城、洹北商城、殷墟、周原、汉长安城、汉魏洛阳城、邺城、隋唐长安城、隋唐洛阳城、唐宋扬州城、辽上京等遗址，其田野考古工作延续多年也取得重要成绩。

　　从总体上看，中国社科院考古所2022年度田野考古项目不论规模大小，考古工作者都有明确的学术目的、学术目标和课题意识，不少田野项目采取精细提取信息的发掘方法，实施精细化发掘，三维扫描、地理信息系统等先进技术得到广泛应用，信息提取水平较以前有很大提高。同时，包括动植物考古、人骨考古、冶金考古、年代学研究、环境考古、同位素分析、古DNA分析、微痕分析、残留物分析、埋藏学等在内的各种研究上，多学科合作广泛运用已成为从史前到历史时期田野考古发掘和研究的常态。

　　陈星灿强调，田野工作是考古资料收集和一切考古研究的基础，必须抓紧抓实。在田野考古工作中，中国社科院考古所考古工作者文物保护意识空前加强，遗迹和遗物在发掘中就得到及时保护。

　　他也坦言，虽然田野考古发掘简报和报告的撰写日益受到重视，但这方面仍有很大提升空间，许多重要遗址的田野报告，还需要投入更多时间和精力以尽快完成出版。

　　“很高兴年轻一代考古人正充分成长起来，‘70后’‘80后’已成为田野考古的主力，‘90后’也开始成为田野考古的中坚力量，相信未来的田野考古工作会更精彩、也会有更多成果。”陈星灿说。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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